MTA1 Expression Can Stratify the Risk of Patients with Multifocal Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers ≤3 cm

Wei Wang,1,2,* Zaoxiu Hu,3,* Mingsheng Ma,4 Haoyuan Yin,4 Yunchao Huang,1 Guangqiang Zhao,1 Xin Cui,1 Qinling Sun,1 Yantao Yang,1 Yichen Yang,1 Biying Wang,1 Lianhua Ye1 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lianhua YeDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail lhye1204@aliyun.comPurpose: Currently, there is no uniform standard to guide postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with multifocal non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) ≤ 3 cm. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore prognostic molecular markers to identify high-risk patients with multifocal NSCLCs ≤ 3 cm. We aimed to explore the potential value of metastasis-associated protein 1(MTA1) expression in risk stratification of patients with multifocal NSCLCs ≤ 3 cm.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and postoperative survival data of patients with multifocal NSCLCs ≤ 3 cm. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were used for immunohistochemistry. Semiquantitative immunoreactivity scoring (IRS) system was used to evaluate the nuclear expression of MTA1. SPSS software (version 23.0) was used to analyze the data.Results: The IRS of MTA1 nuclear expression in 259 lesions of 119 patients ranged from 2.2 to 11.7 (median: 5.6). Our results showed that MTA1 expression was highest in high-risk pathological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma. MTA1 expression in multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) was lower than that in intrapulmonary metastases (IPMs). The median follow-up duration was 25.97 months. The disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with MPLCs was significantly better than that of patients with IPMs, and the DFS of patients with high MTA1 expression was significantly worse than that of patients with low MTA1 expression. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that high MTA1 expression (hazard ratio: 7.937, 95% confidence interval: 2.433– 25.64, p =0.001) was a statistically significant predictor of worse DFS in patients with multifocal NSCLCs ≤ 3 cm.Conclusion: MTA1 expression can stratify the risk in patients with multifocal NSCLCs ≤ 3 cm. Patients with MTA1 immunohistochemical score > 5.6 are at a high risk of postoperative recurrence, and these patients may benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.Keywords: multifocal, non-small cell lung cancer, MTA1, multiple primary lung cancers, intrapulmonary metastases, risk of postoperative recurrence