Heat transfer analysis of biological nanofluid flow through ductus efferentes

A theoretical investigation on heat transfer of nanofluid transport in a ciliated channel is presented. A mathematical model for cilia oriented nanofluid transport through the human male reproductive tract is exhibited. Considering the structure of tubules, the Reynolds number is considered very small. The concept of a long wavelength approximation is incorporated to model the nanofluid flow problem. The exact analytical expressions for the x-component of velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, stream function, volume flow rate, and pressure gradient are calculated. The solution for the transverse component of velocity, pressure rise per wavelength, and friction force on the wall of the channel is explored numerically, while variations in crucial flow parameters are examined graphically.