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Changes in the transcriptome, ploidy, and optimal light intensity of a cryptomonad upon integration into a kleptoplastic dinoflagellate
- Source :
- The ISME Journal
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Nature Publishing Group UK, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Endosymbiosis of unicellular eukaryotic algae into previously nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes has established chloroplasts in several eukaryotic lineages. In addition, certain unicellular organisms in several different lineages ingest algae and utilize them as temporal chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) for weeks to months before digesting them. Among these organisms, the dinoflagellateNusuttodinium aeruginosumingests the cryptomonadChroomonassp. and enlarges the kleptoplast with the aid of the cryptomonad nucleus. To understand how the cryptomonad nucleus is remodeled in the dinoflagellate, here we examined changes in the transcriptome and ploidy of the ingested nucleus. We show that, after ingestion, genes involved in metabolism, translation, and DNA replication are upregulated while those involved in sensory systems and cell motility are downregulated. In the dinoflagellate cell, the cryptomonad nucleus undergoes polyploidization that correlates with an increase in the mRNA levels of upregulated genes. In addition, the ingested nucleus almost loses transcriptional responses to light. Because polyploidization and loss of transcriptional regulation are also known to have occurred during the establishment of endosymbiotic organelles, these changes are probably a common trend in endosymbiotic evolution. Furthermore, we show that the kleptoplast and dinoflagellate are more susceptible to high light than the free-living cryptomonad but that the ingested nucleus reduces this damage.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
Cryptomonad
Chloroplasts
Cell
01 natural sciences
Microbiology
Article
Transcriptome
03 medical and health sciences
Organelle
medicine
Symbiosis
Cellular microbiology
Transcriptomics
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
Ploidies
biology
Endosymbiosis
Dinoflagellate
biology.organism_classification
Cell biology
Chloroplast
Light intensity
medicine.anatomical_structure
Dinoflagellida
Cryptophyta
010606 plant biology & botany
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17517370 and 17517362
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The ISME Journal
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....288c15a662f8930cc5daf1f0463a1a92