Detailed Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Fatigue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background: Fatigue is a symptom commonly reported by patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Treating any underlying inflammation in active disease improves the health outcomes and decreases fatigue, but fatigue still persists in remission, negatively affecting patients’ quality of life and posing a challenge for the treating physician. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of fatigue in patients with IBD and investigate possible contributing factors. Methods: Recruited IBD patients from the Otago region in southern New Zealand were asked to complete demographic, physical activity (IPAQ) and fatigue questionnaires (Brief Fatigue Inventory, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory). Disease activity and factors contributing to fatigue were assessed through self-reporting and laboratory biomarkers. Results: One hundred and thirteen of the contacted 469 IBD patients participated in the study. Depending on the questionnaire used, the prevalence of fatigue in IBD was high in remission (39.5–44.2%) but significantly higher (p < 0.001) in active disease (80.0–82.9%). Several factors such as age, disease duration, level of physical activity, gender and diet were found to be associated with increased fatigue and were attributed to either mental or physical fatigue categories. Multifactorial Fatigue Inventory provided insights into different types of fatigue, and revealed a significant mental fatigue component in both active and remission disease patients. Iron deficiency was not associated with fatigue levels. Conclusions: Fatigue in IBD is multi-faceted and highly prevalent in both active and remission IBD. Further investigations, addressing the complexity of the symptom and its reporting are needed.