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Reactive astrocytosis, microgliosis and inflammation in rats with neonatal hydrocephalus
- Source :
- Experimental Neurology. 226:110-119
- Publication Year :
- 2010
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2010.
-
Abstract
- The deleterious effects of hydrocephalus, a disorder that primarily affects children, include reactive astrocytosis, microgliosis and inflammatory responses; however, the roles that these mechanisms play in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus are still not clear in terms of cytopathology and gene expression. Therefore we have examined neuroinflammation at both the cellular and the molecular levels in an experimental model of neonatal obstructive hydrocephalus. On post-natal day 1, rats received an intracisternal injection of kaolin to induce hydrocephalus; control animals received saline injections. Prior to sacrifice on post-natal day 22, animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging to quantify ventricular enlargement, and the parietal cortex was harvested for analysis. Immunohistochemistry and light microscopy were performed on 5 hydrocephalic and 5 control animals; another set of 5 hydrocephalic and 5 control animals underwent molecular testing with Western blots and a gene microarray. Scoring of immunoreactivity on a 4-point ranking scale for GFAP and Iba-1 demonstrated an increase in reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia respectively in the hydrocephalic animals compared to controls (2.90±0.11 vs. 0.28±0.26; 2.91±0.11 vs. 0.58±0.23, respectively). Western blots confirmed these results. Microarray analysis identified significant (1.5-fold) changes in 1729 of 33,951 genes, including 26 genes out of 185 genes (26/185) in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, antigen processing and presentation pathways (15/66), and the apoptosis pathway (10/69). Collectively, these results demonstrate alterations in normal physiology and an up-regulation of the inflammatory response. These findings lead to a better understanding of neonatal hydrocephalus and begin to form a baseline for future treatments that may reverse these effects.
- Subjects :
- Pathology
medicine.medical_specialty
Blotting, Western
Gene Expression
Apoptosis
Inflammation
Biology
Microgliosis
Cerebral Ventricles
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Central nervous system disease
Developmental Neuroscience
Pregnancy
medicine
Animals
Gliosis
Neuroinflammation
Microglia
Microarray Analysis
medicine.disease
Immunohistochemistry
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Pathophysiology
Rats
Hydrocephalus
medicine.anatomical_structure
Animals, Newborn
Neurology
Cytokines
Encephalitis
Female
Astrocytosis
medicine.symptom
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00144886
- Volume :
- 226
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Experimental Neurology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....283d9056e26b74c7a31b4fd15316a050