Effect of crocin on diabetic patients: A placebo-controlled, triple-blinded clinical trial

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Saffron and its active ingredient, crocin, as a natural antioxidant in the treatment of type II diabetes.A total of 150 uncontrolled type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were selected based on inclusion criteria, randomly divided into three groups (crocin, saffron and placebo) for three months' clinical trial. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), insulin level, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, kidney and liver function tests were performed before and three months after the study. The patients were followed every two weeks for possible clinical side effects.Our results showed that after three months of treatment with crocin and saffron, FBS reduction was significant in all groups (P-value 0.05). In addition, reduction of HbA1c was significant in the crocin and saffron groups compared to placebo group. Comparison between groups showed that treatment with crocin and saffron led to a significant reduction in HbA1c than placebo, and FBS level significantly reduced only in crocin compared to saffron and placebo groups. In addition, changes in lipid profile were not significant in any of the three groups. Also, there was no significant difference in liver and liver parameters in all three groups. Inter-group comparison of insulin levels showed significant difference only between the saffron and placebo groups.Crocin can be effective in controlling the level of FBS and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes.