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Immune response dynamics in COVID-19 patients to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, PloS one, vol 16, iss 7, PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254367 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science, 2021.
-
Abstract
- COVID-19 serological test must have high sensitivity as well as specificity to rule out cross-reactivity with common coronaviruses (HCoVs). We have developed a quantitative multiplex test, measuring antibodies against spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and common human coronavirus strains (229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1), and nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV viruses. Receptor binding domain of S protein of SARS-CoV-2 (S-RBD), and N protein, demonstrated sensitivity (94% and 92.5%, respectively) in COVID-19 patients (n = 53), with 98% specificity in non-COVID-19 respiratory-disease (n = 98), and healthy-controls (n = 129). Anti S-RBD and N antibodies appeared five to ten days post-onset of symptoms, peaking at approximately four weeks. The appearance of IgG and IgM coincided while IgG subtypes, IgG1 and IgG3 appeared soon after the total IgG; IgG2 and IgG4 remained undetectable. Several inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were found to be elevated in many COVID-19 patients (e.g., Eotaxin, Gro-α, CXCL-10 (IP-10), RANTES (CCL5), IL-2Rα, MCP-1, and SCGF-b); CXCL-10 was elevated in all. In contrast to antibody titers, levels of CXCL-10 decreased with the improvement in patient health suggesting it as a candidate for disease resolution. Importantly, anti-N antibodies appear before S-RBD and differentiate between vaccinated and infected people—current vaccines (and several in the pipeline) are S protein-based.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
RNA viruses
Male
Chemokine
Viral Diseases
Pulmonology
Coronaviruses
Physiology
viruses
Antibody Response
Antibodies, Viral
Biochemistry
Immunoglobulin G
Serology
0302 clinical medicine
Medical Conditions
Immune Physiology
Medicine and Health Sciences
2.1 Biological and endogenous factors
030212 general & internal medicine
Viral
Aetiology
Lung
Immune Response
Pathology and laboratory medicine
Virus Testing
Multidisciplinary
Immune System Proteins
biology
Antibody titer
virus diseases
Medical microbiology
Middle Aged
Spike Glycoprotein
Body Fluids
Infectious Diseases
Blood
Viruses
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Pneumonia & Influenza
Medicine
Female
Rabbits
Antibody
SARS CoV 2
Pathogens
Anatomy
Chemokines
Infection
Research Article
Adult
SARS coronavirus
General Science & Technology
Science
Immunology
Microbiology
Antibodies
Blood Plasma
Proinflammatory cytokine
Vaccine Related
03 medical and health sciences
Respiratory Disorders
Immune system
Diagnostic Medicine
Biodefense
Animals
Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins
Humans
Biology and life sciences
SARS-CoV-2
Prevention
Organisms
Viral pathogens
Proteins
COVID-19
Covid 19
Pneumonia
Phosphoproteins
Virology
Macaca mulatta
Microbial pathogens
Coronavirus
030104 developmental biology
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Good Health and Well Being
Immunoglobulin M
Respiratory Infections
biology.protein
Immunization
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....275a0e3243c73bdab41b74902da5beae