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A Review: Electrode and Packaging Materials for Neurophysiology Recording Implants
- Source :
- Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Vol 8 (2021), Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media S.A., 2021.
-
Abstract
- To date, a wide variety of neural tissue implants have been developed for neurophysiology recording from living tissues. An ideal neural implant should minimize the damage to the tissue and perform reliably and accurately for long periods of time. Therefore, the materials utilized to fabricate the neural recording implants become a critical factor. The materials of these devices could be classified into two broad categories: electrode materials as well as packaging and substrate materials. In this review, inorganic (metals and semiconductors), organic (conducting polymers), and carbon-based (graphene and carbon nanostructures) electrode materials are reviewed individually in terms of various neural recording devices that are reported in recent years. Properties of these materials, including electrical properties, mechanical properties, stability, biodegradability/bioresorbability, biocompatibility, and optical properties, and their critical importance to neural recording quality and device capabilities, are discussed. For the packaging and substrate materials, different material properties are desired for the chronic implantation of devices in the complex environment of the body, such as biocompatibility and moisture and gas hermeticity. This review summarizes common solid and soft packaging materials used in a variety of neural interface electrode designs, as well as their packaging performances. Besides, several biopolymers typically applied over the electrode package to reinforce the mechanical rigidity of devices during insertion, or to reduce the immune response and inflammation at the device-tissue interfaces are highlighted. Finally, a benchmark analysis of the discussed materials and an outlook of the future research trends are concluded.
- Subjects :
- Histology
Materials science
implantable
Biocompatibility
organic
lcsh:Biotechnology
inorganic
packaging
Biomedical Engineering
microelectrodes
Bioengineering
Nanotechnology
02 engineering and technology
Substrate (printing)
Review
010402 general chemistry
01 natural sciences
materials
lcsh:TP248.13-248.65
Conductive polymer
Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Neurophysiology
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
0104 chemical sciences
Microelectrode
Brain implant
Electrode
neurophysiology
0210 nano-technology
Material properties
Biotechnology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 22964185
- Volume :
- 8
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....23c69ac41473fcc7fc03fabcf181b474