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Living in Violent Neighbourhoods is Associated with Gestational Weight Gain Outside the Recommended Range
- Source :
- Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology. 31(1)
- Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Background During pregnancy, most women do not meet gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines, potentially resulting in adverse maternal and infant health consequences. Social environment determinants of GWG have been identified, but evidence on the relationship between neighbourhood violence and GWG is scant. Our study aims to examine the relationship between neighbourhood violence and GWG outside the recommended range. Methods We used statewide vital statistics and health care utilization data from California for 2006–12 (n = 2 364 793) to examine the relationship of neighbourhood violence (quarters of zip-code rates of homicide and assault) in the first 37 weeks of pregnancy with GWG (categorized using the Institute of Medicine's pregnancy weight gain guidelines). We estimated risk ratios (RR) and marginal risk differences, and analyses were stratified by maternal race/ethnicity and prepregnancy body mass index. Results Residence in neighbourhoods with the highest quartile of violence was associated with more excessive GWG (adjusted RR 1.04, 95% confidence interval CI 1.03, 1.05), compared to the lowest quartile of violence; violence was not associated with inadequate GWG. On the difference scale, this association translates to 2.3% more women gaining weight excessively rather than adequately if all women were exposed to high violence compared to if all women were exposed to low violence. Additionally, associations between neighbourhood violence and excessive GWG were larger in non-white women than in white women. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that violence can affect weight gain during pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of neighbourhood violence as a public health issue.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Pediatrics
medicine.medical_specialty
Maternal-Child Health Services
Urban Population
Epidemiology
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Overweight
Violence
Weight Gain
California
Article
Body Mass Index
Cohort Studies
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
0302 clinical medicine
Pregnancy
Residence Characteristics
medicine
Ethnicity
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
Healthcare Disparities
Neighbourhood (mathematics)
Poverty
business.industry
Public health
Pregnancy Outcome
medicine.disease
Pregnancy Complications
Quartile
Relative risk
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Female
Pregnant Women
medicine.symptom
business
Body mass index
Demography
Cohort study
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 13653016
- Volume :
- 31
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....23287e59560c9f0149c9939816c73e1d