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An Ecologically Based System for Sustainable Agroforestry in Sub-Tropical and Tropical Forests
- Source :
- Forests, Vol 8, Iss 4, p 102 (2017), Forests; Volume 8; Issue 4; Pages: 102
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Forests in tropical and sub-tropical countries face severe pressures due to a combination of poverty and environment degradation. To be effective, measures to protect these forests must therefore consider both economic and ecological dimensions synergistically. The purpose of this paper was to synthesize our long-term work (1994–2015) on a Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) agroforestry system and demonstrate its potential for achieving both goals, and discuss its wider application in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The performance of various ecological, economic, and social indicators was compared among five Ginkgo agroforestry systems. Two additional indicators, Harmony Degree (HD) and Development Degree (DD), were also used to show the integrated performance of these indicators. Ginkgo-Wheat-Peanut (G+W+P) and Ginkgo-Rapeseed-Peanut (G+R+P) are the best systems when compared to pure and mixed Ginkgo plantations, or pure agricultural crops. Results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve both economic development and environmental protection through implementation of sustainable agroforestry systems in sub-tropical regions.
- Subjects :
- 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Poverty
Agroforestry
Ginkgo biloba
indicators
forest products
Harmony Degree
Development Degree
Forestry
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
Subtropics
lcsh:QK900-989
01 natural sciences
Geography
Work (electrical)
040103 agronomy & agriculture
lcsh:Plant ecology
0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Social indicators
Agricultural crops
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Forests, Vol 8, Iss 4, p 102 (2017), Forests; Volume 8; Issue 4; Pages: 102
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....230edb26aa1a86b3ee6b073522893f0d
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0379224