Endoscopic management of recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula with trichloroacetic acid chemocauterization: A preliminary report

Purpose Open repair with a second thoracotomy is technically challenging and has a high risk of complications for the treatment of a recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (RTEF). Therefore, less invasive endoscopic techniques have been developed. Here, we report on the chemocauterization with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) technique for endoscopic management of RTEF. Methods Three patients who had an open repair with thoracotomy for congenital tracheoesophageal fistula and were diagnosed with RTEF were included in this study. Rigid ventilating bronchoscopy with telescopic magnification was used to evaluate and manage the RTEF. After identification of the fistula opening, a 50% TCA-soaked small cotton ball was applied in the opening 3 times during each session. Results The mean number of procedures was 3.3, and the fistulae were closed in all cases. Closure of the fistula was confirmed by esophagogram and/or bronchoscopy. There were no postoperative complications. Conclusion The results of this study showed that chemocauterization with TCA can be safe and effective for the management of RTEF.