Applicability of microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry for wear metal determination in lubricant oil using a multinebulizer

In this work, the determination of different metals (i.e., Al, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and V) in engine lubricating oils by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP AES) has been revisited. For this purpose, a new multinebulizer in combination with the standard dilution analysis (SDA) calibration methodology has been used. The microwave plasma is very unstable and may even extinguish when organic solvents are directly introduced. This problem can be avoided by the synergetic combination of the SDA calibration and the new multinebulizer since it allows the determination of analytes in complex matrices due to the simultaneous introduction of organic and aqueous solutions, favoring the plasma stabilization. Furthermore, the SDA calibration also corrects the matrix effects associated with complex matrices. For the purpose of comparison, the same study has been performed using conventional calibration methodologies (i.e., external calibration (EC), internal standard calibration (IS) and standard addition calibration (SA)). To compare the analytical performances, the analytical figures of merit (i.e., limit of detection and limit of quantification) and the accuracy (i.e., trueness and precision) of the results have been evaluated. The results obtained show very similar values for the SDA calibration compared to the other calibrations with a much lower consumption of reagents, resources and with a higher easiness of operation. In addition, the total analysis time has also been evaluated, which has emphasized the great advantage of the synergetic association of SDA calibration with the multinebulizer in chemical analysis. The authors would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2021-126155OB-I00) and the Regional Government of Valencia (Spain) (CIPROM/2021/062, INVEST/2022/70) for the financial support.