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Molecular Characterization and Epidemiology of Antibiotic Resistance Genes of β-Lactamase Producing Bacterial Pathogens Causing Septicemia from Tertiary Care Hospitals

Authors :
Mohammad Riaz Khan
Sadiq Azam
Sajjad Ahmad
Qaisar Ali
Zainab Liaqat
Noor Rehman
Ibrar Khan
Metab Alharbi
Abdulrahman Alshammari
Source :
Antibiotics; Volume 12; Issue 3; Pages: 617
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2023.

Abstract

Septicemia is a systematic inflammatory response and can be a consequence of abdominal, urinary tract and lung infections. Keeping in view the importance of Gram-negative bacteria as one of the leading causes of septicemia, the current study was designed with the aim to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, the molecular basis for antibiotic resistance and the mutations in selected genes of bacterial isolates. In this study, clinical samples (n = 3389) were collected from potentially infected male (n = 1898) and female (n = 1491) patients. A total of 443 (13.07%) patients were found to be positive for bacterial growth, of whom 181 (40.8%) were Gram-positive and 262 (59.1%) were Gram-negative. The infected patients included 238 males, who made up 12.5% of the total number tested, and 205 females, who made up 13.7%. The identification of bacterial isolates revealed that 184 patients (41.5%) were infected with Escherichia coli and 78 (17.6%) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The clinical isolates were identified using Gram staining biochemical tests and were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with specific primers for E. coli (USP) and P. aeruginosa (oprL). Most of the isolates were resistant to aztreonam (ATM), cefotaxime (CTX), ampicillin (AMP) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), and were sensitive to tigecycline (TGC), meropenem (MEM) and imipenem (IPM), as revealed by high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Among the antibiotic-resistant bacteria, 126 (28.4%) samples were positive for ESBL, 105 (23.7%) for AmpC β-lactamases and 45 (10.1%) for MBL. The sequencing and mutational analysis of antibiotic resistance genes revealed mutations in TEM, SHV and AAC genes. We conclude that antibiotic resistance is increasing; this requires the attention of health authorities and clinicians for proper management of the disease burden.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20796382
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Antibiotics; Volume 12; Issue 3; Pages: 617
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....22760d950115fb285cfc8b2ca47bee04
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030617