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Venom Immunotherapy: From Proteins to Product to Patient Protection
- Source :
- Toxins, Vol 13, Iss 616, p 616 (2021), Toxins, Toxins 13:616 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- In this review, we outline and reflect on the important differences between allergen-specific immunotherapy for inhalant allergies (i.e., aeroallergens) and venom-specific immunotherapy (VIT), with a special focus on Venomil® Bee and Wasp. Venomil® is provided as a freeze-dried extract and a diluent to prepare a solution for injection for the treatment of patients with IgE-mediated allergies to bee and/or wasp venom and for evaluating the degree of sensitivity in a skin test. While the materials that make up the product have not changed, the suppliers of raw materials have changed over the years. Here, we consolidate relevant historical safety and efficacy studies that used products from shared manufacture supply profiles, i.e., products from Bayer or Hollister–Stier. We also consider the characterization and standardization of venom marker allergens, providing insights into manufacturing controls that have produced stable and consistent quality profiles over many years. Quality differences between products and their impacts on treatment outcomes have been a current topic of discussion and further research. Finally, we review the considerations surrounding the choice of depot adjuvant most suitable to augmenting VIT.
- Subjects :
- Intoxicative inhalant
Allergy
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
media_common.quotation_subject
medicine.medical_treatment
Wasps
venom
610 Medicine & health
Wasp Venoms
Review
Toxicology
sensitization
adjuvant
2307 Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Hypersensitivity
medicine
Animals
Humans
Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Quality (business)
Adjuvant
Honeybee Venom
Hymenoptera
Sensitization
Venom
Vit
Wasp Venom
media_common
business.industry
honeybee venom
10177 Dermatology Clinic
3005 Toxicology
Skin test
Immunotherapy
Allergens
Bees
Venom immunotherapy
medicine.disease
allergy
Product (business)
Bee Venoms
Health
Desensitization, Immunologic
Immunology
Medicine
wasp venom
business
VIT
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20726651
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 616
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Toxins
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....22396ab4a4adc7823970bdcee630613d