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Venom Immunotherapy: From Proteins to Product to Patient Protection

Authors :
Johannes Grosch
Matthew D. Heath
Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier
Simon J Hewings
David B K Golden
Ludger Klimek
Simon Blank
Thilo Jakob
Murray A. Skinner
Thalia L Carreno Velazquez
Martin Feindor
Matthias F. Kramer
University of Zurich
Kramer, Matthias F
Source :
Toxins, Vol 13, Iss 616, p 616 (2021), Toxins, Toxins 13:616 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

In this review, we outline and reflect on the important differences between allergen-specific immunotherapy for inhalant allergies (i.e., aeroallergens) and venom-specific immunotherapy (VIT), with a special focus on Venomil® Bee and Wasp. Venomil® is provided as a freeze-dried extract and a diluent to prepare a solution for injection for the treatment of patients with IgE-mediated allergies to bee and/or wasp venom and for evaluating the degree of sensitivity in a skin test. While the materials that make up the product have not changed, the suppliers of raw materials have changed over the years. Here, we consolidate relevant historical safety and efficacy studies that used products from shared manufacture supply profiles, i.e., products from Bayer or Hollister–Stier. We also consider the characterization and standardization of venom marker allergens, providing insights into manufacturing controls that have produced stable and consistent quality profiles over many years. Quality differences between products and their impacts on treatment outcomes have been a current topic of discussion and further research. Finally, we review the considerations surrounding the choice of depot adjuvant most suitable to augmenting VIT.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20726651
Volume :
13
Issue :
616
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Toxins
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....22396ab4a4adc7823970bdcee630613d