Immune Reconstitution Syndrome secondary to Rhodococcus equi infection in a patient with HIV and Burkitt's lymphoma

Summary: Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (IRIS) has been associated with a variety of infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, we are reporting the first case of IRIS secondary to Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) in a patient with HIV.We report the case of a 48-year-old male found to have HIV infection in the setting of Burkitt's lymphoma. While on anti-retroviral therapy and chemotherapy, he had developed IRIS secondary to R. equi that manifested as a cavitating pneumonia. This report outlines the successful management of the R. equi infection with the use of a combination of antibiotics, radiographic follow up and suppressive antibiotic while on chemotherapy. Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus, Rhodococcus equi, Burkitt's lymphoma, Cavitating pneumonia