Detection of Air Temperature and Wind Changes Synchronized with the Lamb Wave from the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption

The violent 2022 Tonga submarine volcanic eruption produced globally propagating atmospheric disturbance. The short explosive eruption generated a leading Lamb wave pulse that are recorded as a pressure pulse worldwide. A weather station network in Japan recorded the pressure pulse as well as temperature and winds during the passage of the Lamb pressure pulse. Individual temperature and wind records indicate little simultaneous change. However, after aligning temperature and wind records at the timing of pressure pulse arrivals and stacking, we obtain clear temperature and wind changes synchronized with the pressure change. By assuming Lamb wave propagation synthesized temperature and wind changes from the pressure record match well the observed waveforms. Observed wind speed and pressure change of the Lamb pulse directly yield the total energy transported by the pulse to be 4.2 x 10 J.