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The use of eculizumab in gemcitabine induced thrombotic microangiopathy
- Source :
- BMC Nephrology, BMC Nephrology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-6 (2018)
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018.
-
Abstract
- Background Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) secondary to gemcitabine therapy (GiTMA) is a very rare pathology that carries a poor prognosis, with nearly half of the cases progressing to end stage renal disease. GiTMA is most commonly associated with adenocarcinomas, most notably pancreatic cancers. The mainstay of management is withdrawal of the offending drug and supportive care. Plasmapheresis has a limited role and hemodialysis may help in the management of fluid overload secondary to renal failure. Furthermore, a C5 inhibitor, eculizumab, has been successfully used in the treatment of GiTMA. Case presentation A 64-year-old Caucasian female with history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma on gemcitabine chemotherapy presented with signs and symptoms of fluid overload and was found to have abnormal kidney function. Her BP was 195/110 mmHg, serum creatinine 4.48 mg/dl, hemoglobin 8.2 g/dl, platelets 53 × 103/cmm, lactate dehydrogenase 540 IU/L, and was found to have schistocytes on blood film. A diagnosis of TMA secondary to gemcitabine therapy was suspected. Hemodialysis for volume overload and daily plasmapheresis were initiated. After six days of plasmapheresis, renal function did not improve. Further work up revealed ADAMTS 13 activity >15%, low C3, and stool culture and Shiga-toxin PCR were negative. Renal biopsy was consistent with TMA. Gemcitabine was discontinued, but renal function failed to improve and eculizumab therapy was considered due to suspicion of aHUS. Serum creatinine >2.26 mg/dl and a platelet count of >/= 30 × 109/L is highly suggestive of aHUS, while TTP is more likely when creatinine is
- Subjects :
- Nephrology
Renal failure
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic
medicine.medical_specialty
Thrombotic microangiopathy
medicine.medical_treatment
030232 urology & nephrology
Renal function
Case Report
lcsh:RC870-923
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Deoxycytidine
Gastroenterology
End stage renal disease
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Internal medicine
medicine
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Humans
Creatinine
Thrombotic Microangiopathies
business.industry
Pancreatic cancer
Middle Aged
Eculizumab
lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology
medicine.disease
Gemcitabine
chemistry
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Female
Plasmapheresis
Hemodialysis
business
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14712369
- Volume :
- 19
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BMC Nephrology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....207a0aa49086be7273d19ad2c4a415b4