Comparing Costs of Radical Versus Partial Cystectomy for Patients Diagnosed With Localized Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Understanding the Value of Surgical Care

Introduction Prior studies noted substantial costs associated with radical cystectomy, however, they lack surgical comparison to a less costly partial cystectomy. We compared costs associated with radical versus partial cystectomy. Methods A total of 2,305 patients aged 66-85 years diagnosed with clinical stage T2-4a muscle-invasive bladder cancer from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2011 were included. Total Medicare costs within one year of diagnosis following radical versus partial cystectomy were compared using inverse probability of treatment-weighted propensity score models. Cox regression and competing risks analysis were used to determine overall and cancer-specific survival, respectively. Results Median total costs were not significantly different for radical than partial cystectomy in 90 days ($73,907 vs. $65,721; median difference $16,796, 95% CI $10,038 to $23,558), 180 days ($113,288 vs. $82,840; median difference $36,369, 95% CI $25,744 to $47,392), and 365 days ($143,831 vs. $107,359; median difference $34,628, 95% CI $17,819 to $53,558), respectively. Hospitalization, surgery, pathology/laboratory, pharmacy, and skilled nursing facility costs contributed largely to costs associated with either treatment. Patients who underwent partial cystectomy had similar overall survival but had worse cancer-specific survival (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.45, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.34-1.58, p Conclusions While treatments for bladder cancer are associated with substantial costs, we showed radical cystectomy had similar total costs when compared to partial cystectomy among patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, partial cystectomy resulted in worse cancer-specific survival further supporting radical cystectomy as a high-value surgical procedure for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.