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Highly Reversible Na‐Intercalation into Graphite Recovered from Spent Li–Ion Batteries for High‐Energy Na‐Ion Capacitor
- Source :
- ChemSusChem. 13:5654-5663
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2020.
-
Abstract
- High-performance Na-ion capacitor (NIC) was constructed with graphite recovered from spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs) as battery-type negative electrode and high-surface-area activated carbon as a supercapacitor component. Unlike Li-insertion into graphite, Na-insertion into graphite is extremely limited; hence, a "solvent-co-intercalation" mechanism was proposed for high reversibility using ether family solvents. First, the Na-insertion properties were assessed in the half-cell assembly with 0.5 m NaPF6 in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether as an electrolyte solution and compared with the commercial graphite. The NIC comprised pre-sodiated graphite as a negative electrode and commercial activated carbon as a cathode. This fascinating NIC configuration displayed the maximum energy density of 59.93 Wh kg-1 with exceptional cyclability of 5000 cycles at ambient temperature with approximately 98 % retention. Interestingly, the electrode aging process in the presence of electrolyte resulted in approximately 19 % higher energy density than the routine electrode heat treatment. Further, the electrochemical activity of the NIC at various temperatures was studied, and it was found that the graphite recovered from spent LIBs could be effectively reused towards the construction of high-performance charge storage devices with exceptional performance.
- Subjects :
- Supercapacitor
Materials science
General Chemical Engineering
Inorganic chemistry
Intercalation (chemistry)
02 engineering and technology
Electrolyte
010402 general chemistry
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Electrochemistry
01 natural sciences
Cathode
0104 chemical sciences
law.invention
Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether
chemistry.chemical_compound
General Energy
chemistry
law
Electrode
Environmental Chemistry
General Materials Science
Graphite
0210 nano-technology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1864564X and 18645631
- Volume :
- 13
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- ChemSusChem
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....20683ee504d78c54c04055ff250d7cee