Adipocytes as lipid sensors of oleic acid transport through a functional Caco-2/HT29-MTX intestinal barrier

Adipose tissue function in the regulation of lipemia is highly dependent on intestinal absorption of nutrients. Therefore the aim of the present study was the development and validation of an in vitro multiculture model allowing to measure intestinal absorption using adipocytes as lipid sensors. We previously described (1) novel methods to study oleic acid induction of adipogenesis and lipogenesis and (2) a functional reconstituted intestinal barrier using human cell lines Caco-2/HT29-MTX (9:1). In the present study we develop a co-culture model with either adipocytes or hepatocytes as sensors for intestinal lipid absorption. This model was validated using oleic acid (OA) pre-absorbed onto the intestinal barrier. Optimized experimental conditions were obtained with partially differentiated 3T3L1-MBX adipocytes sensing up to 5 μM OA in solution or 40 μM OA pre-absorbed by Caco2/HT29-MTX intestinal barriers. Metabolism including glycemia and insulinemia greatly influenced the ability to TG accumulation in adipocytes. By comparison AML12 hepatocytes found less sensitive to OA (up to 1 μM). The present study demonstrates a much better functionality for fatty acid uptake and release in Caco2/HT29-MTX versus Caco-2 intestinal barriers. Taken together these results open new opportunities to study in vitro lipid transfer between intestinal barriers and either adipocytes or hepatocytes. Abbreviations: BSA: Bovine serum albumin; CIDEs: Cell Death Inducing DFFA Like Effectors; DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium; FABPs: Fatty Acid Binding Proteins; FAT/CD36: Fatty acid translocase; FCS: Fetal calf serum; GLP2: Glucagon-like peptide-2; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; OA: oleic acid; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; PPARs: Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptors; RTCA: realtime cell analysis; TG: triglyceride
Graphical Abstract