An evaluation of the National Institutes of Health grants portfolio: identifying opportunities and challenges for multi-omics research that leverage metabolomics data

Background Through the systematic large-scale profiling of metabolites, metabolomics provides a tool for biomarker discovery and improving disease monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response, as well as for delineating disease mechanisms and etiology. As a downstream product of the genome and epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome activity, the metabolome can be considered as being the most proximal correlate to the phenotype. Integration of metabolomics data with other -omics data in multi-omics analyses has the potential to advance understanding of human disease development and treatment. Aim of review To understand the current funding and potential research opportunities for when metabolomics is used in human multi-omics studies, we cross-sectionally evaluated National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded grants to examine the use of metabolomics data when collected with at least one other -omics data type. First, we aimed to determine what types of multi-omics studies included metabolomics data collection. Then, we looked at those multi-omics studies to examine how often grants employed an integrative analysis approach using metabolomics data. Key scientific concepts of review We observed that the majority of NIH-funded multi-omics studies that include metabolomics data performed integration, but to a limited extent, with integration primarily incorporating only one other -omics data type. Some opportunities to improve data integration may include increasing confidence in metabolite identification, as well as addressing variability between -omics approach requirements and -omics data incompatibility.