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Origin, evolution, and global transmission of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus ST8
- Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2017.
-
Abstract
- Significance USA300 is a hypervirulent, community-acquired, multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone that started to spread in the United States around 17 years ago. Many studies detected it also in South America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region. In this study, we show that USA300 is also circulating in sub-Saharan Africa. Locating the temporal and spatial origin of clonal lineages is important with respect to epidemiology and molecular evolution of pathogens. We show that USA300 evolved from a less virulent and less resistant ancestor circulating in Central Europe around 160 years ago. Constant surveillance of pathogen transmission routes is vital to prevent and control potential outbreaks. Whole genome sequencing proved to be a useful tool for epidemiological surveillance.<br />USA300 is a pandemic clonal lineage of hypervirulent, community-acquired, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) with specific molecular characteristics. Despite its high clinical relevance, the evolutionary origin of USA300 remained unclear. We used comparative genomics of 224 temporal and spatial diverse S. aureus isolates of multilocus sequence type (ST) 8 to reconstruct the molecular evolution and global dissemination of ST8, including USA300. Analyses of core SNP diversity and accessory genome variations showed that the ancestor of all ST8 S. aureus most likely emerged in Central Europe in the mid-19th century. From here, ST8 was exported to North America in the early 20th century and progressively acquired the USA300 characteristics Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL), SCCmec IVa, the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), and a specific mutation in capsular polysaccharide gene cap5E. Although the PVL-encoding phage ϕSa2USA was introduced into the ST8 background only once, various SCCmec types were introduced to ST8 at different times and places. Starting from North America, USA300 spread globally, including Africa. African USA300 isolates have aberrant spa-types (t112, t121) and form a monophyletic group within the clade of North American USA300. Large parts of ST8 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolated in Africa represent a symplesiomorphic group of ST8 (i.e., a group representing the characteristics of the ancestor), which are rarely found in other world regions. Isolates previously discussed as USA300 ancestors, including USA500 and a “historic” CA-MRSA from Western Australia, were shown to be only distantly related to recent USA300 clones.
- Subjects :
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
0301 basic medicine
CA-MRSA
Lineage (evolution)
Bacterial Toxins
030106 microbiology
Exotoxins
comparative genomics
Biology
Microbiology
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Evolution, Molecular
Type IV Secretion Systems
03 medical and health sciences
Monophyly
Leukocidins
Phylogenetics
Arginine catabolic mobile element
Humans
skin and connective tissue diseases
Clade
Phylogeny
Comparative genomics
Multidisciplinary
molecular evolution
SCCmec
Australia
Bayes Theorem
USA300
Biological Sciences
Staphylococcal Infections
biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition
bacterial infections and mycoses
Community-Acquired Infections
Europe
Interspersed Repetitive Sequences
Phylogeography
PNAS Plus
Evolutionary biology
Africa
North America
Multilocus sequence typing
Genome, Bacterial
Multilocus Sequence Typing
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10916490 and 00278424
- Volume :
- 114
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....1f5f6b9ea5e00b6be715a385ad1f033a