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The Neural Gut���Brain Axis of Pathological Protein Aggregation in Parkinson���s Disease and Its Counterpart in Peroral Prion Infections
- Source :
- Viruses, Viruses, Vol 13, Iss 1394, p 1394 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Robert Koch-Institut, 2021.
-
Abstract
- A neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the cerebral deposition of abnormally aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn). PD-associated αSyn (αSynPD) aggregates are assumed to act, in a prion-like manner, as proteinaceous nuclei (“seeds”) capable of self-templated propagation. Braak and colleagues put forward the idea of a neural gut-brain axis mediating the centripetal spread of αSynPD pathology from the enteric nervous system (ENS) to the brain in PD. This has sparked great interest and initiated passionate discussions both in support of and opposing the suggested hypothesis. A precedent for the spread of protein seeds or seeding from the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract to the central nervous system (CNS) had been previously revealed for pathological prion protein in peroral prion infections. This article scrutinizes the similarities and dissimilarities between the pathophysiological spread of disease-associated protein aggregation along the neural gut–brain axis in peroral prion infections and PD. On this basis, evidence supporting the proposed neural gut–brain axis in PD is concluded to be not as robust as that established for peroral prion infections. New tools for the ultrasensitive detection of αSynPD-associated seeding activity in archived or fresh human tissue samples such as real-time quaking induced conversion (RT-QuIC) or protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) assays can possibly help to address this deficit in the future.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Parkinson's disease
Prions
alpha-synuclein
Central nervous system
Gut–brain axis
spread
Review
Protein aggregation
Biology
seeds
Microbiology
Protein Aggregation, Pathological
Prion Proteins
Parkinson���s disease
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Mice
0302 clinical medicine
enteric nervous system
Virology
medicine
vagus nerve
Animals
Humans
ddc:610
Alpha-synuclein
peroral prion infections
Brain
Parkinson Disease
medicine.disease
QR1-502
Pathophysiology
Gastrointestinal Tract
030104 developmental biology
Infectious Diseases
medicine.anatomical_structure
chemistry
prion protein
Parkinson’s disease
Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification
Enteric nervous system
610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Neuroscience
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Viruses, Viruses, Vol 13, Iss 1394, p 1394 (2021)
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....1f527fc8477b9ee375ccc351b17a3a09
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.25646/9431