Comparative analyses of three swallow species (Aves, Passeriformes, Hirundinidae): Insights on karyotype evolution and genomic organization

This study was financed in part by the Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001 Universidade Federal do Pampa. Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. S?o Gabriel, RS, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Gen?tica e Biologia Molecular. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Pampa. Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. S?o Gabriel, RS, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Pampa. Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. S?o Gabriel, RS, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Paran?. Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Gen?tica. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Pampa. Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. S?o Gabriel, RS, Brazil. University of Cambridge. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics. Cambridge, United Kingdom. University of Cambridge. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics. Cambridge, United Kingdom. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Ci?ncias Exatas e Naturais. Bel?m, PA, Brazil / Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Pampa. Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. S?o Gabriel, RS, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Pampa. Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. S?o Gabriel, RS, Brazil. Despite the richness of species in the Hirudinidae family, little is known about the genome organization of swallows. The Progne tapera species presents genetic and morphological difference when compared to other members of the same genus. Hence, the aims of this study were to analyze the chromosomal evolution of three species Progne tapera, Progne chalybea and Pygochelidon cyanoleuca - by comparative chromosome painting using two sets of probes, Gallus gallus and Zenaida auriculata, in order to determine chromosome homologies and the relationship between these species. All karyotypes exhibited 76 chromosomes with similar morphology, except for the 5th, 6th and 7th chromosome pairs in P. cyanoleuca. Additionally, comparative chromosome painting demonstrated the same hybridization pattern in the two Progne, which was similar to the putative avian ancestral karyotype, except for the centric fission in the first pair, as found in other Passeriformes. Thus, these data display a close relationship between the Progne species. Although P. cyanoleuca demonstrated the same fission in the first pair of the ancestral syntenic (GGA1), it also showed an additional chromosomal rearrangement for this species, namely a fusion with a microchromosome in the seventh pair