Hysterosalpingography in endometriosis: performance and interpretation

Endometriosis is often seen and sometimes initially diagnosed on hysterosalpingography (HSG), an imaging exam routinely performed on patients with infertility. Here we discuss the role of HSG in the evaluation of patients with infertility with a focus on patients with endometriosis. The HSG technique, including patient preparation as well as potential risks and complications, is detailed. Imaging findings in patients with endometriosis are illustrated and a template for exam reporting is presented. Common imaging pitfalls are described with examples.