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Etiology of Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Death in US Competitive Athletes: A 2-Year Prospective Surveillance Study
- Source :
- Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine. 30(4)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Objective To determine the etiology of sudden cardiac arrest and death (SCA/D) in competitive athletes through a prospective national surveillance program. Design Sudden cardiac arrest and death cases in middle school, high school, college, and professional athletes were identified from July 2014 to June 2016 through traditional and social media searches, reporting to the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research, communication with state and national high school associations, review of the Parent Heart Watch database, and search of student-athlete deaths on the NCAA Resolutions List. Autopsy reports and medical records were reviewed by a multidisciplinary panel to determine the underlying cause. Setting and participants US competitive athletes with SCA/D. Main outcome measures Etiology of SCA/D. Results A total of 179 cases of SCA/D were identified (74 arrests with survival, 105 deaths): average age 16.6 years (range 11-29), 149 (83.2%) men, 94 (52.5%) whites, and 54 (30.2%) African American. One hundred seventeen (65.4%) had an adjudicated diagnosis, including 83 deaths and 34 survivors. The most common etiologies included hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (19, 16.2%), coronary artery anomalies (16, 13.7%), idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy/possible cardiomyopathy (13, 11.1%), autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death (8, 6.8%), Wolff-Parkinson-White (8, 6.8%), and long QT syndrome (7, 6.0%). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was more common in male basketball (23.3%), football (25%), and African American athletes (30.3%). An estimated 56.4% of cases would likely demonstrate abnormalities on an electrocardiogram. Conclusions The etiology of SCA/D in competitive athletes involves a wide range of clinical disorders. More robust reporting mechanisms, standardized autopsy protocols, and accurate etiology data are needed to better inform prevention strategies.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
Pediatrics
medicine.medical_specialty
Competitive Behavior
Adolescent
Long QT syndrome
Cardiomyopathy
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Autopsy
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
0302 clinical medicine
Medicine
Humans
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Prospective Studies
Prospective cohort study
Child
biology
business.industry
Athletes
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Sudden cardiac arrest
030229 sport sciences
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
United States
Primary Prevention
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Population Surveillance
Etiology
Female
medicine.symptom
business
Sports
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15363724
- Volume :
- 30
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....1cced70f46c6b0d99f66bf727e691199