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Early Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disorders in Diabetes
- Source :
- Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 2807, p 2807 (2020), Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease worldwide. There is a strong association between DM and neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. The first group mainly consists of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy and stroke, whereas, the second group includes Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The aforementioned diseases have a common pathophysiological background including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis and vascular injury. The increasing prevalence of neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders among diabetic patients has resulted in an urgent need to develop biomarkers for their prediction and/or early detection. The aim of this review is to present the potential application of the most promising biomarkers of diabetes-related neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders, including amylin, β-amyloid, C-reactive protein (CRP), dopamine, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glycogen synthase kinase 3β, homocysteine, microRNAs (mi-RNAs), paraoxonase 1, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, tau protein and various growth factors. The most clinically promising biomarkers of neurovascular and neurodegenerative complications in DM are hsCRP, GGT, homocysteine and miRNAs. However, all biomarkers discussed in this review could become a part of the potential multi-biomarker screening panel for diabetic patients at risk of neurovascular and neurodegenerative complications.
- Subjects :
- Diabetic neuropathy
Homocysteine
neurovascular
Tau protein
lcsh:Medicine
Review
Disease
Bioinformatics
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Diabetes mellitus
growth factors
DM
medicine
oxidative stress
Dementia
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
diabetes mellitus complications
microRNA
biology
business.industry
lcsh:R
biomarkers
AD
General Medicine
Diabetic retinopathy
Neurovascular bundle
medicine.disease
stroke
MCI
chemistry
biology.protein
neurodegenerative
PD
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
dementia
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20770383
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 2807
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....1c2b8153c95e799215c35c2dc9103323