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Cytometric analysis of patients with COVID-19: what is changed in the second wave?
- Source :
- Journal of Translational Medicine, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- BMC, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a 1st wave in Europe from March to May 2020 and a 2nd wave since September 2020. We previously studied 35 hospitalized COVID-19 patients of the 1st wave demonstrating a cytokine storm and the exhaustion of most lymphocyte subpopulations. Herein, we describe the results obtained from COVID-19 patients of the 2nd wave. Methods We analyzed interleukin (IL)-6 by human-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a large set of lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry in 274 COVID-19 patients hospitalized from September 2020 to May 2021. Results Patients of 2nd wave compared with those of 1st wave showed lower serum IL-6 levels and a higher number of B and most T lymphocyte subpopulations in advanced stages, in relation with the age and the gender. On the other hand, we observed in 2nd wave patients: (i) a reduction of most lymphocyte subpopulations at mild and moderate stages; (ii) a reduction of natural killer cells and T regulatory cells together with a higher number of activated T helper (TH) 17 lymphocytes in all stages, which were mainly related to steroid and azithromycin therapies before hospitalization. Conclusions COVID-19 had a less severe impact in patients of the 2nd wave in advanced stages, while the impact appeared more severe in patients of mild and moderate stages, as compared with 1st wave patients. This finding suggests that in COVID-19 patients with milder expression at diagnosis, steroid and azithromycin therapies appear to worsen the immune response against the virus. Furthermore, the cytometric profile may help to drive targeted therapies by monoclonal antibodies to modulate specific IL/lymphocyte inhibition or activation in COVID-19 patients.
- Subjects :
- medicine.drug_class
Lymphocyte
Monoclonal antibody
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Flow cytometry
Targeted therapy
Immune system
medicine
Humans
Lymphocyte Count
Lymphocytes
Interleukin 6
Pandemics
medicine.diagnostic_test
biology
Pandemic
business.industry
SARS-CoV-2
Interleukin-6
Interleukin
COVID-19
General Medicine
T lymphocyte
medicine.disease
Killer Cells, Natural
medicine.anatomical_structure
Immunology
biology.protein
Medicine
Cytokine storm
business
Cytometry
Human
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14795876
- Volume :
- 19
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Translational Medicine
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....1c2a2c62d83c2826bf26ad78962e1a19