Simulium Latreille

Genus Simulium Latreille The family Simuliidae is classified in 26 genera, of which Simulium is the largest and most widely distributed genus, with 37 subgenera (Adler and Crosskey 2016). Simulium is the only genus recognized in the Oriental Region, where a total of 524 species are recorded (Adler and Crosskey 2016), and they are further classified in 10 subgenera, i.e., three endemic subgenera (Asiosimulium Takaoka & Choochote, Daviesellum Takaoka & Adler, and Wallacellum Takaoka), one semi-endemic subgenus (Gomphostilbia), four cosmopolitan subgenera (Byssodon Enderlein, Eusimulium Roubaud, Nevermannia and Simulium), and two subgenera with a Palaearctic distribution (Montisimulium and Wilhelmia Enderlein). In the Oriental Region, the subgenus Simulium is dominant, having 232 species (44.3%), followed by Gomphostilbia with 193 component species (36.8%) and Nevermannia with 55 species (10.5%), while seven other subgenera consist of 1 to 16 species. Four subgenera (Gomphostilbia, Montisimulium, Nevermannia and Simulium) have been reported in Vietnam. Definitions of the genus Simulium and 10 subgenera follow those given by Crosskey (1969), Takaoka (2003, 2012), Takaoka and Adler (1997) and Takaoka and Choochote (2005b). The keys to all these subgenera of the genus Simulium are herein updated. The subgenera and species-groups known from Vietnam are shown in bold face type.
Published as part of Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya'Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da & Adler, Peter H., 2017, The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam, pp. 1-165 in Zootaxa 4261 (1) on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.571608
{"references":["Adler, P. H. & Crosskey, R. W. (2016) World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory [2016]. 126 pp. Available from: https: // www. clemson. edu / cafls / biomia / pdfs / blackflyinventory. pdf (accessed 10 May 2016)","Crosskey, R. W. (1969) A Re-classification of the Simuliidae (Diptera) in Africa and Its Islands. In: Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History. Entomology. Supplement 14. United States Department of Agriculture, London, pp. 1 - 194 pp.","Takaoka, H. & Adler, P. H. (1997) A new subgenus, Simulium (Daviesellum), and a new species, S. (D.) courtneyi, (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 25 (1), 17 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.2149 / tmh 1973.25.17","Takaoka, H. & Choochote, W. (2005 b) A new subgenus and a new species of Simulium s. l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 56, 33 - 41."]}