Survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma: an update

Aim: Survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary tumours is limited. Over the last decade peri-operative management has improved and morbidity and mortality decreased. The aim of the study was to analyse recent survival data after pancreaticoduodenectomy and to determine factors that influence survival. Methods: From October 1992 to September 1998, 204 patients with a ductal adenocarcinoma in the pancreatic head (108), distal bile duct (32), and ampulla (64) who underwent standard pancreaticoduodenectomy, were analysed with regard to histology and tumour status. Survival was calculated by using the Kaplan–Meier method. Risk factors were identified in a univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Median survival after resection for carcinoma of the pancreatic head, distal bile duct, and ampulla were 16*, 25 and 24* months, respectively (* P =0.008). In the univariate analysis vein resection, blood transfusion of more than four packed red cells, the presence of tumour positive resection margins, lymph-node metastases and poor tumour differentiation significantly decreased survival. In the multivariate analysis positive resection margins, lymph-node metastases, and poor tumour differentiation independently influenced survival. Conclusions: Resection margins, lymph-node status and tumour differentiation are independent prognostic factors. Survival after standard pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary tumours has not improved.