When is a neuron like an epithelial cell

Neurons and epithelia are viewed as fundamentally different cell types, yet some sensory neurons exhibit hallmarks of epithelial cells. For example, they use tight junctions to form a diffusion barrier continuous with the skin or other epithelia and they exhibit bona fide apical-basal polarity, with an outward-facing apical surface that is biochemically and functionally distinct from their inward-facing basolateral surface. Yet they are unmistakeably neurons with axon-dendrite polarity. Examples include olfactory receptor neurons and photoreceptors. In this review, I highlight how viewing these neurons as specialized epithelial cells informs our understanding of their development and raises intriguing questions about the establishment of apical-basal and axon-dendrite polarity.