Determination of the Fluoride Content in Water of Aqueducts of Cauca (Colombia) by Ion Exchange Chromatography

Water for human consumption is the main source of fluoride exposure. The concentration in water should not exceed 1 mg/L of fluoride since, at higher levels; it increases the risk of dental fluorosis, among other adverse effects. The fluoride content of 149 water samples from different aqueducts in Cauca (Colombia) has been determined by ion exchange chromatography with the aim of fluoride risk assessment. The rural area of the Municipality of Santander de Quilichao registered fluoride concentrations between 0.012 and 0.150 mg/L. The urban area of Santander de Quilichao recorded lower fluoride levels than the rural area (0.027-0.068 mg/L). The urban area of the Municipality of Cajibío registered fluoride levels of 0.082-0.186 mg/L. The highest levels of fluoride were found in Timbío (0.121-0.210 mg/L). The fluoride levels recorded in this study are not considered sufficient to trigger dental fluorosis. Likewise, optimal levels are not considered to protect the child population against dental caries. However, a monitoring plan of fluoride concentrations in water should be implemented to assure the quality and safe of the water.