Occurrence, formation and treatment of disinfection by-product (DBPS) in swimming pool waters

With the popularity of swimming activities across the world, the responsibility of the pool operators and managers to ensure the microbial and chemical safety of the pool participants becomes extremely significant. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in swimming pool waters (SPWs) have attracted considerable public attentions due to their high frequency of occurrence, considerable concentrations and potent toxicity. This study explored the appropriateness of novel approaches for the control and treatment of DBPs. Chlorine/bromine stabilized disinfectants have been attempted to fulfil the dual requirements of sufficient disinfectants and less DBP formation. Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration have been used to remove haloacetic acids (HAAs, a group of prevalent DBPs) and the mechanism governing the rejection has been well interpreted. The effect of calcium ion (a ubiquitous species in SPWs) on HAA rejection has been systematically investigated. The fundamental understanding of these DBP control protocols offers good theoretical basis for future practical applications. Doctor of Philosophy (IGS)