Convergence of soil nitrogen isotopes across global climate gradients

Quantifying global patterns of terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycling is central to predicting future patterns of primary productivity, carbon sequestration, nutrient fluxes to aquatic systems, and climate forcing. With limited direct measures of soil N cycling at the global scale, syntheses of the 15N:14N ratio of soil organic matter across climate gradients provide key insights into understanding global patterns of N cycling. In synthesizing data from over 6000 soil samples, we show strong global relationships among soil N isotopes, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and the concentrations of organic carbon and clay in soil. In both hot ecosystems and dry ecosystems, soil organic matter was more enriched in 15N than in corresponding cold ecosystems or wet ecosystems. Below a MAT of 9.8°C, soil δ15N was invariant with MAT. At the global scale, soil organic C concentrations also declined with increasing MAT and decreasing MAP. After standardizing for variation among mineral soils in soil C and clay concentrations, soil δ15N showed no consistent trends across global climate and latitudinal gradients. Our analyses could place new constraints on interpretations of patterns of ecosystem N cycling and global budgets of gaseous N loss. Fil: Craine, Joseph M. Kansas State University. Division of Biology; Estados Unidos Fil: Elmore, Andrew J. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Appalachian Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Wang, Lixing. Indiana University-Purdue University Department of Earth Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Augusto, Laurent. INRA. Bordeaux Sciences Agro; Francia Fil: Baisden, Troy. GNS Science. National Isotope Centre; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Brookshire, E.N.J. Montana State University. Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Cramer, Michael D. University of Cape Town. Department of Biological Sciences; Sudáfrica Fil: Hasselquist, Niles. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Forest Ecology and Management; Suecia Fil: Hobbie, Erik A. University of New Hampshire. Earth Systems Research Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Kahmen, Ansgar. Departement of Environmental Sciences - Botany; Suiza Fil: Kaba, Keisuke. Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. Institute of Agriculture; Japón Fil: Kranabetter, M. British Columbia (Canadá). Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations; Canadá Fil: Mack, M. University of Florida. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos Fil: Marin-Spiotta, E. University of Wisconsin. Department of Geography; Estados Unidos Fil: Mayor, J.R. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Department of Forest Ecology & Management; Suecia Fil: McLauchlan, K.K. Kansas State University. Department of Geography; Estados Unidos Fil: Michelsen, A. University of Copenhagen. Department of Biology; Dinamarca Fil: Nardoto, G.B. Universidade de Brasília. Faculdade UnB Planaltina; Brasil Fil: Oliveira, R.S. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal; Brasil Fil: Perakis, S.S. Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Quesada, C. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia. Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental; Brasil Fil: Richter, A. University of Vienna. Department of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research; Austria Fil: Schipper, L.A. University of Waikato. Environmental Research Institute; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Stevenson, B.A. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Turner, B.L. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Panamá Fil: Viani, R.A.G. Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Centro de Ciências Agrárias; Brasil Fil: Wanek, W. University of Vienna. Department of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research; Austria Fil: Zeller, B. INRA Nancy. Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers; Francia