Back to Search
Start Over
Spread of Jacobaea vulgaris and Occurrence of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Regionally Produced Honeys from Northern Germany: Inter- and Intra-Site Variations and Risk Assessment for Special Consumer Groups
- Source :
- Toxins, Toxins, Vol 12, Iss 441, p 441 (2020), Volume 12, Issue 7
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) and PA N-oxides (PANO) are secondary plant metabolites exhibiting genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. Apart from the roots and leaves, PA/PANO are particularly present in pollen and nectar. Therefore, the spread of Jacobaea vulgaris in certain regions of northern Germany has an impact on the safety of honey produced in that region. In this study, raw honey samples (n = 437) were collected from usually three individual beehives per site (n = 73) in the district of Ostholstein and analyzed for 25 PA/PANO. The results reveal mean levels of 8.4, 1.5, and 72.6 &micro<br />g/kg and maximum levels of 111, 59.4, and 3313 &micro<br />g/kg, depending on the season (summer 2015 and spring/summer 2016, respectively). As far as individual data are concerned, sites near areas with J. vulgaris growth did not necessarily result in high PA/PANO values. Furthermore, intra-site investigations revealed remarkable differences in PA/PANO levels of raw honey collected by different bee colonies at the same site. Consumption of these regionally produced honeys entails an increased exposure to PA/PANO, especially in children and high consumers. Margin of exposure values of &lt<br />10,000 and an exceedance of the health-based guidance value highlight that regionally produced and marketed honey must be considered with care for a proper risk assessment and risk management.
- Subjects :
- Jacobaea vulgaris
Time Factors
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
lcsh:Medicine
Secondary Metabolism
honey
Biology
Senecio
Asteraceae
Toxicology
medicine.disease_cause
01 natural sciences
Risk Assessment
Article
chemistry.chemical_compound
pyrrolizidine alkaloids
0404 agricultural biotechnology
LC–MS/MS
Pollen
Germany
Individual data
medicine
Nectar
Animals
010401 analytical chemistry
lcsh:R
food and beverages
Oxides
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
Bees
biology.organism_classification
040401 food science
Honey samples
0104 chemical sciences
food safety
chemistry
Consumer Product Safety
Pyrrolizidine
Seasons
Risk assessment
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20726651
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Toxins
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....1685f4e6df15482f4e5213b03c775243