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The Urine Metabolome of Young Autistic Children Correlates with Their Clinical Profile Severity
- Source :
- Metabolites, Volume 10, Issue 11, Metabolites, Vol 10, Iss 476, p 476 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Autism diagnosis is moving from the identification of common inherited genetic variants to a systems biology approach. The aims of the study were to explore metabolic perturbations in autism, to investigate whether the severity of autism core symptoms may be associated with specific metabolic signatures<br />and to examine whether the urine metabolome discriminates severe from mild-to-moderate restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors. We enrolled 57 children aged 2&ndash<br />11 years<br />thirty-one with idiopathic autism and twenty-six neurotypical (NT), matched for age and ethnicity. The urine metabolome was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The urinary metabolome of autistic children was largely distinguishable from that of NT children<br />food selectivity induced further significant metabolic differences. Severe autism spectrum disorder core deficits were marked by high levels of metabolites resulting from diet, gut dysbiosis, oxidative stress, tryptophan metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction. The hierarchical clustering algorithm generated two metabolic clusters in autistic children: 85&ndash<br />90% of children with mild-to-moderate abnormal behaviors fell in cluster II. Our results open up new perspectives for the more general understanding of the correlation between the clinical phenotype of autistic children and their urine metabolome. Adipic acid, palmitic acid, and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid can be proposed as candidate biomarkers of autism severity.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
hierarchical clustering analysis
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Urinary system
lcsh:QR1-502
Physiology
autism spectrum disorder
Urine
medicine.disease_cause
behavioral disciplines and activities
Biochemistry
lcsh:Microbiology
Article
03 medical and health sciences
gut dysbiosis
0302 clinical medicine
Metabolomics
mental disorders
autism core deficits
Metabolome
medicine
Molecular Biology
business.industry
food selectivity
medicine.disease
metabolomics
Settore MED/39
030104 developmental biology
Autism spectrum disorder
Autism
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Neurotypical
Oxidative stress
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 22181989
- Volume :
- 10
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Metabolites
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....162de4a2fd50687660e8586129ee6a65