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Sialome diversity of ticks revealed by RNAseq of single tick salivary glands
- Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 4, p e0006410 (2018), PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2018.
-
Abstract
- Ticks salivate while feeding on their hosts. Saliva helps blood feeding through host anti-hemostatic and immunomodulatory components. Previous transcriptomic and proteomic studies revealed the complexity of tick saliva, comprising hundreds of polypeptides grouped in several multi-genic families such as lipocalins, Kunitz-domain containing peptides, metalloproteases, basic tail secreted proteins, and several other families uniquely found in ticks. These studies also revealed that the composition of saliva changes with time; expression of transcripts from the same family wax and wane as a function of feeding time. Here, we examined whether host immune factors could influence sialome switching by comparing sialomes of ticks fed naturally on a rabbit, to ticks artificially fed on defibrinated blood depleted of immune components. Previous studies were based on transcriptomes derived from pools of several individuals. To get an insight into the uniqueness of tick sialomes, we performed transcriptomic analyses of single salivary glands dissected from individual adult female I. ricinus ticks. Multivariate analysis identified 1,279 contigs differentially expressed as a function of time and/or feeding mode. Cluster analysis of these contigs revealed nine clusters of differentially expressed genes, four of which appeared consistently across several replicates, but five clusters were idiosyncratic, pointing to the uniqueness of sialomes in individual ticks. The disclosure of tick quantum sialomes reveals the unique salivary composition produced by individual ticks as they switch their sialomes throughout the blood meal, a possible mechanism of immune evasion.<br />Author summary In this work, we confirm previous reports that the repertoire of tick salivary gland transcripts changes as a function of time, but in addition, we now identify transcripts that change their levels according to the mode of feeding of ticks. Implementation of membrane feeding allowed us to feed ticks on an immune-deficient diet and identify transcripts that are subject to immunity-stimulated expression. Such identification may help to prioritise selection of salivary gland transcripts for further investigation. One novelty of this work was creating cDNA libraries from a single pair of salivary glands, which helped to gain insight into sialomic diversity at the single tick level. We observed that ticks express a battery of genes in defined clusters as feeding progresses (over tested replicates), but also individual ticks were found to express idiosyncratic clusters of genes. Such a biological phenomenon may imply novel tick mechanisms for evading host-mediated recognition of tick antigens.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Male
Saliva
Physiology
Gene Expression
Biochemistry
Salivary Glands
0302 clinical medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Flowering Plants
Mammals
biology
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine
Ricinus
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Eukaryota
Animal Models
Genomics
Proteases
Plants
Body Fluids
Enzymes
Infectious Diseases
Blood
Experimental Organism Systems
Sialome
Vertebrates
Leporids
Female
Rabbits
Anatomy
Transcriptome Analysis
Research Article
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Sequence analysis
lcsh:RC955-962
030231 tropical medicine
Zoology
Tick
Research and Analysis Methods
03 medical and health sciences
Exocrine Glands
DNA-binding proteins
parasitic diseases
Genetics
Animals
Humans
Gene Regulation
Ixodes
Host (biology)
Sequence Analysis, RNA
Gene Expression Profiling
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Organisms
Computational Biology
Biology and Life Sciences
Proteins
lcsh:RA1-1270
Blood meal
biology.organism_classification
Genome Analysis
Regulatory Proteins
Gene expression profiling
030104 developmental biology
Amniotes
Enzymology
Metalloproteases
Transcriptome
Digestive System
Transcription Factors
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19352735 and 19352727
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....15bc09325675bac70fa5382df8178017