Intercalated water in multi-layered graphene oxide paper: an X-ray scattering study

X-ray scattering (XRS) experiments have been performed on multi-layered graphene oxide (GO) paper. GO can be easily hydrated as water naturally intercalates in the hydro­philic nanostructure. The effect of the intercalated water on the XRS signals is measured during dehydration under thermal treatment in the temperature range 298–473 K as well as during hydration under saturated water vapour pressure. A simple modelling of the XRS signals by taking into account the presence and the type of intercalated water (bound water or physisorbed water) is introduced. It allows an explanation of the variations of intensity and position of XRS reflections observed experimentally.
EP, SR and PL benefited of a grant from the French Research National Agency under the program Investissements d’Avenir (SEDECO project, ANR-10-LABX-0035: Labex NanoSa-clay). AMB and WKM acknowledge funding from the Spanish Ministry MINECO under projects ENE2013-48816-C5-5-R and ENE2016-79282-C5-1-R with their associated European Regional Development Funds, and from the Government of Aragon under Consolidated Group programme DGA-T66-GCNN and the associated European Social Fund.