Differential Shedding of Transmembrane Neuregulin Isoforms by the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Converting Enzyme

The neuregulins (NRGs) are a family of EGF-like factors that activate receptor tyrosine kinases of the ErbB/HER type. Some NRGs are membrane anchored and are released upon cleavage of the ectodomain. Here we have investigated the characteristics of the cleavage of different transmembrane NRG isoforms (proNRG) that diverge in domains that have been implicated in the regulation of the cleavage of other membrane-anchored growth factors. We show that cleavage of proNRGs is complex and generates several cell-bound truncated fragments. Comparison of the resting generation of these truncated fragments between proNRG forms that diverge in the linker region that connects the EGF-like module to the transmembrane domain revealed that proNRGβ2a was relatively resistant to processing compared to proNRGβ4a which was processed more efficiently than proNRGα2a. An important role for this linker in proNRG cleavage was supported by deletion analysis of this region that prevented NRG solubilization. Studies aimed at the identification of the proteolytic machinery responsible for proNRG processing indicated that metalloproteases were involved in proNRG processing. This was further supported by the fact that cleavage of proNRGα2c was defective in fibroblasts derived from TACE(-/-) animals that express an inactive form of the metalloprotease TACE.
We thank the funding from the European Community, the Fundación Ramón Areces, and the Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture. A.E.-O. was supported by a psotdoctoral contract from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture. E.D.-R. and L.Y were supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the same Ministry.