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Commercial Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) and Ethyl Sulfate (EtS) Testing is Not Vulnerable to Incidental Alcohol Exposure in Pregnant Women
- Source :
- Substance usemisuse. 51(1)
- Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Ethyl Glucoronide (EtG) and Ethyl Sulfate (EtS) have shown promise as biomarkers for alcohol and may be sensitive enough for use with pregnant women in whom even low-level alcohol use is important. However, there have been reports of over-sensitivity of EtG and EtS to incidental exposure to sources such as alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Further, few studies have evaluated these biomarkers among pregnant women, in whom the dynamics of these metabolites may differ.This study evaluated whether commercial EtG-EtS testing was vulnerable to high levels of environmental exposure to alcohol in pregnant women.Two separate samples of five nurses-one pregnant and the other postpartum, all of whom reported high levels of alcohol-based hand sanitizer use-provided urine samples before and 4-8 hours after rinsing with alcohol-based mouthwash and using hand sanitizer. The five pregnant nurses provided urine samples before, during, and after an 8-hour nursing shift, during which they repeatedly cleansed with alcohol-based hand sanitizer (mean 33.8 uses). The five postpartum nurses used hand sanitizer repeatedly between baseline and follow-up urine samples.No urine samples were positive for EtG-EtS at baseline or follow-up, despite use of mouthwash and-in the pregnant sample-heavy use of hand sanitizer (mean of 33.8 uses) throughout the 8-hour shift.Current, commercially available EtG-EtS testing does not appear vulnerable to even heavy exposure to incidental sources of alcohol among pregnant and postpartum women.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Health (social science)
Hand Sanitizers
Mouthwashes
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Physiology
Alcohol
Glucuronates
Urine
Sulfuric Acid Esters
01 natural sciences
Ethyl sulfate
Article
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Young Adult
0302 clinical medicine
Hand sanitizer
Ethyl glucuronide
Pregnancy
medicine
Humans
030216 legal & forensic medicine
Ethanol
business.industry
010401 analytical chemistry
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Environmental exposure
medicine.disease
0104 chemical sciences
Psychiatry and Mental health
chemistry
Female
business
Biomarkers
Disinfectants
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15322491
- Volume :
- 51
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Substance usemisuse
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....1404ba82245a291564c92766e28b5dca