Deuteron and Antideuteron Production Simulation in Cosmic-ray Interactions

The study of the cosmic-ray deuteron and antideuteron flux is receiving increasing attention in current astrophysics investigations. For both cases, an important contribution is expected from the nuclear interactions of primary cosmic rays with intergalactic matter. In this work, deuteron and antideuteron production from 20 to $2.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ beam energy in $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}$ and $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{A}$ collisions were simulated using EPOS-LHC and Geant4's FTFP-BERT Monte Carlo models by adding an event-by-event coalescence model afterburner. These estimates depend on a single parameter (${p}_{0}$) obtained from a fit to the data. The ${p}_{0}$ for deuterons in this wide energy range was evaluated for the first time. It was found that ${p}_{0}$ for antideuterons is not a constant at all energies as previous works suggested and, as a consequence, the antideuteron production cross section can be at least 20 times smaller in the low-collision-energy region than earlier estimations.