Effectiveness of Prophylactic Preoperative Antibiotics in Mandible Fracture Repair: A National Database Study

OBJECTIVE: This is the first database study to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic preoperative antibiotics (PPAs) in mandible fracture repair. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort SETTING: Database study using United States inpatient and outpatient insurance claims submitted from July 2006 to March 2015 METHODS: The IBM® MarketScan® Commercial database was queried for adults aged 18 to 64 years old who had undergone first time mandible fracture repair using CPT codes for open and closed repair. Primary outcomes included (1) surgical revision, (2) local infection, and (3) osteomyelitis. Rates were compared between cohorts based on whether or not patients had filled antibiotic prescriptions during the pre-operative period alone. The effects of drug abuse and type of mandible repair (i.e. open versus closed) were explored. Multivariate Poisson regression models were used to calculate adjusted relative risk (aRR) estimates. 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to determine statistically significant differences. RESULTS: A total of 2676 patients were included with 847 (31.7%) filling PPAs, and 1829 (68.3%) filling no antibiotics. The rates of revision, local infection, and osteomyelitis were 38.9%, 5.8%, and 2.1%, respectively. After multivariate analysis, exposure to PPAs was not associated [aRR; 95% CI] with surgical revision [1.04; 0.94–1.15], local infection [1.16; 0.82–1.64], or osteomyelitis [1.21; 0.68–2.14]. Patients were more likely to fill PPAs if they underwent open (35.3%), versus closed (26.6%) repair (proportion difference [PD]: 8.7%; 5.2–12.2%), but exposure to antibiotics did not predict outcomes on subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION: PPAs do not improve mandible repair outcomes, regardless of repair type.