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Utilising Brewer’s Spent Grain as a Source of Cellulose Nanofibres Following Separation of Protein-based Biomass
- Source :
- BioResources, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 107-116 (2016), Scopus-Elsevier
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- North Carolina State University, 2016.
-
Abstract
- A multistage process was employed to obtain value-added products from brewer’s spent grain (BSG). This paper is focused on the production and characterisation of cellulose nano-fibres (CNF) as one of the products obtained during the complete process. In the first stage, protein-rich liquor was separated via the alkaline (NaOH) treatment of dried BSG and stored for further utilisation. In the second stage, bleaching treatments were conducted to separate cellulose, which was later converted to CNF by high-pressure homogenisation. The lignocellulosic product from each step was analysed for its chemical composition by means of alkaline hydrolysis combined with the HPEAC method. The thermal properties were measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was done to observe changes in crystallinity. The nano-cellulose produced can be regarded as a value-added material from the bio-refinery of BSG along with numerous already-reported products.
- Subjects :
- Thermogravimetric analysis
Environmental Engineering
Materials science
Scanning electron microscope
020209 energy
lcsh:Biotechnology
Bioengineering
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
Nanocellulose
chemistry.chemical_compound
Hydrolysis
Crystallinity
chemistry
Chemical engineering
lcsh:TP248.13-248.65
Microscopy
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
Cellulose nano-fibres
Brewer‘s spent grain
Bio-refinery
Cellulose
Composite material
Waste Management and Disposal
Chemical composition
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19302126
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BioResources
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....134e7b6f0f14a81c7fe810fb7016d848