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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Persistence in the Spleen: Opportunities for Pharmacologic Intervention
- Source :
- AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Mary Ann Liebert Inc, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The persistence of HIV in the spleen, despite combination antiretroviral therapy, is not well understood. Sustained immune dysregulation and delayed immune recovery, in addition to immune cell exhaustion, may contribute to persistence of infection in the spleen. Eliminating HIV from this secondary lymphoid organ will require a thorough understanding of antiretroviral (ARV) pharmacology in the spleen, which has been minimally investigated. Low ARV exposure within the spleen may hinder the achievement of a functional or sterilizing cure if cells are not protected from HIV infection. In this study, we provide an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the spleen, review the evidence of the spleen as a site for persistence of HIV, discuss the consequences of persistence of HIV in the spleen, address challenges to eradicating HIV in the spleen, and examine opportunities for future curative efforts.
- Subjects :
- Immune recovery
animal diseases
Immunology
Cell
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Reviews
HIV Infections
chemical and pharmacologic phenomena
Spleen
medicine.disease_cause
Pharmacologic intervention
Persistence (computer science)
Immune system
Virology
medicine
Humans
business.industry
HIV
biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition
Immune dysregulation
Virus Latency
Infectious Diseases
medicine.anatomical_structure
Anti-Retroviral Agents
bacteria
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19318405 and 08892229
- Volume :
- 37
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....12f69dd26b50d82be29c7f710997cd8b