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Integrated circuit amplifiers for multi-electrode intracortical recording
- Source :
- Journal of neural engineering. 6(1)
- Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- Significant progress has been made in systems that interpret the electrical signals of the brain in order to control an actuator. One version of these systems senses neuronal extracellular action potentials with an array of up to 100 miniature probes inserted into the cortex. The impedance of each probe is high, so environmental electrical noise is readily coupled to the neuronal signal. To minimize this noise, an amplifier is placed close to each probe. Thus, the need has arisen for many amplifiers to be placed near the cortex. Commercially available integrated circuits do not satisfy the area, power and noise requirements of this application, so researchers have designed custom integrated-circuit amplifiers. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the neural amplifiers described in publications prior to 2008. Methods to achieve high input impedance, low noise and a large time-constant high-pass filter are reviewed. A tutorial on the biological, electrochemical, mechanical and electromagnetic phenomena that influence amplifier design is provided. Areas for additional research, including sub-nanoampere electrolysis and chronic cortical heating, are discussed. Unresolved design concerns, including teraohm circuitry, electrical overstress and component failure, are identified.
- Subjects :
- Computer science
Biomedical Engineering
Action Potentials
Integrated circuit
Signal
Noise (electronics)
law.invention
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
law
Electronic engineering
Electric Impedance
Humans
Electrical impedance
Cerebral Cortex
Neurons
Amplifiers, Electronic
Equipment Safety
Amplifier
Equipment Design
Prostheses and Implants
Electrodes, Implanted
Filter (video)
Instrumentation amplifier
Actuator
Neuroscience
Microelectrodes
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 17412560
- Volume :
- 6
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of neural engineering
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....12a295f6f00299ad51bc62b4b1a79791