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Nanotoxicity of Inert Materials: The Case of Gold, Silver and Iron
- Source :
- Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 19, Iss 2 (2016)
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media SA, 2016.
-
Abstract
- Nanotechnology has opened a new horizon of research in various fields including applied physics, chemistry, electronics, optics, robotics, biotechnology and medicine. In the biomedical field, nanomaterials have shown remarkable potential as theranostic agents. Materials which are considered inert are often used in nanomedicine owning to their nontoxic profile. At nanoscale, these inert materials have shown unique properties that differ from bulk and dissolved counterparts. In the case of metals, this unique behavior not only imparts paramount advantages but also confers toxicity due to their unwanted interaction with different cellular processes. In the literature, the toxicity of nanoparticles made from inert materials has been investigated and many of these have revealed toxic potential under specific conditions. The surge to understand underlying mechanism of toxicity has increased and different means have been employed to overcome toxicity problems associated with these agents. In this review, we have focused nanoparticles of three inert metallic materials i.e. gold, silver and iron as these are regarded as biologically inert in the bulk and dissolved form. These materials have gained wider research interest and studies indicating the toxicity of these materials are also emerging. Oxidative stress, physical binding and interference with intracellular signaling are the major role player in nanotoxicity and their predominance is highly dependent upon size, surface coating and administered dose of nanoparticles. Current strategies to overcome toxicity have also been reviewed in the light of recent literature. The authors also suggested that uniform testing standards and well-designed studies are needed to evaluate nanotoxicity of these materials that are otherwise considered as inert. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
- Subjects :
- Silver
Surface Properties
Iron
Nanoparticle
lcsh:RS1-441
Pharmaceutical Science
Nanotechnology
Toxic potential
02 engineering and technology
010402 general chemistry
01 natural sciences
Nanomaterials
lcsh:Pharmacy and materia medica
Metallic materials
Humans
Particle Size
Inert
Pharmacology
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Chemistry
lcsh:RM1-950
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
0104 chemical sciences
Surface coating
lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Nanotoxicology
Nanomedicine
Nanoparticles
Gold
0210 nano-technology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14821826
- Volume :
- 19
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....12247f79d58201618c4831015275a8b4
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.18433/j31021