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Below the surface: The inner lives of TLR4 and TLR9
- Source :
- Journal of Leukocyte Biology
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Oxford University Press (OUP), 2019.
-
Abstract
- TLRs are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect invading microbes by recognizing pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Upon PAMP engagement, TLRs activate a signaling cascade that leads to the production of inflammatory mediators. The localization of TLRs, either on the plasma membrane or in the endolysosomal compartment, has been considered to be a fundamental aspect to determine to which ligands the receptors bind, and which transduction pathways are induced. However, new observations have challenged this view by identifying complex trafficking events that occur upon TLR‐ligand binding. These findings have highlighted the central role that endocytosis and receptor trafficking play in the regulation of the innate immune response. Here, we review the TLR4 and TLR9 transduction pathways and the importance of their different subcellular localization during the inflammatory response. Finally, we discuss the implications of TLR9 subcellular localization in autoimmunity.<br />Review on the importance of TLR4 and TLR9 dynamic subcellular localization in the inflammatory responses.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Immunology
Reviews
Review
Biology
Endocytosis
Autoimmune Diseases
03 medical and health sciences
Transduction (genetics)
Guest Editors: Melanie Scott, Madhavi Rane, Kari‐Ann Shirey, and Louis Justement
0302 clinical medicine
Animals
Humans
Immunology and Allergy
HMGB1 Protein
Receptor
innate immunity
Granulins
Membrane Glycoproteins
Innate immune system
autoimmunity
intracellular signaling
Pattern recognition receptor
Receptors, Interleukin-1
TLR9
Cell Biology
Subcellular localization
3. Good health
Cell biology
DNA-Binding Proteins
Toll-Like Receptor 4
030104 developmental biology
inflammation
Toll-Like Receptor 9
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
TLR4
Cytokines
receptors trafficking
Intracellular Danger Sensors Fueling Inflammation and Autoimmunity
Signal Transduction
Transcription Factors
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19383673 and 07415400
- Volume :
- 106
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Leukocyte Biology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....120ff748488ddcf70e3eb5134b90694d