Association between diabetes mellitus/hyperglycaemia and peri-implant diseases: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim This systematic review investigates whether hyperglycaemia/diabetes mellitus is associated with peri-implant diseases (peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis). Materials and Methods Electronic and manual literature searching was conducted. An a priori case definition for peri-implantitis was used as an inclusion criterion to minimize risk of bias. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment; random effect models were applied; and results were reported according to the PRISMA Statement. Results Twelve studies were eligible for qualitative and seven of them for quantitative analyses. Meta-analyses detected the risk of peri-implantitis was about 50% higher in diabetes than in non-diabetes (RR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.21–1.77 and OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.31–2.46; z = 5.98; p