Oxygen free radical injury of IEC-18 small intestinal epithelial cell monolayers

Oxygen radicals can cause endothelial and epithelial permeability changes and mucosal injury of the small intestine. There is no clear consensus concerning the relative injurious potential of individual oxygen radicals. In this study, the small intestinal cell line IEC-18 was used as an in vitro model to study the relative injurious effects of reactive oxygen metabolites. By introducing different combinations of oxygen metabolite-producing enzymes, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and an iron chelator, deferoxamine, to the fully confluent monolayers and to proliferating IEC-18 cells, the differential injurious effects of the oxygen metabolites O 2 − , H 2 O 2 , and OH − could be evaluated. The extent of cellular injury was assessed using [ 3 H]thymidine uptake, 51 Cr release, and morphological evaluations. Our results suggest that OH − produced as a by-product of O 2 − and H 2 O 2 via the Haber-Weiss reaction was the most injurious oxygen species involved in cellular injury of IEC-18 monolayers induced by xanthine oxidase. O 2 − produced by xanthine oxidase appeared to be only minimally injurious, and H 2 O 2 produced by xanthine oxidase and as a result of conversion of O 2 − by superoxide dismutase was moderately injurious. Superoxide dismutase and deferoxamine at appropriate concentrations were protective against xanthine/xanthine oxidase—induced monolayer injury. H 2 O 2 added directly or produced indirectly by glucose oxidase was very injurious to the intestinal monolayers, and this injury was mitigated by catalase.