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Physiologic Stresses Reveal a Salmonella Persister State and TA Family Toxins Modulate Tolerance to These Stresses
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 12, p e0141343 (2015), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2015.
-
Abstract
- Bacterial persister cells are considered a basis for chronic infections and relapse caused by bacterial pathogens. Persisters are phenotypic variants characterized by low metabolic activity and slow or no replication. This low metabolic state increases pathogen tolerance to antibiotics and host immune defenses that target actively growing cells. In this study we demonstrate that within a population of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, a small percentage of bacteria are reversibly tolerant to specific stressors that mimic the macrophage host environment. Numerous studies show that Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems contribute to persister states, based on toxin inhibition of bacterial metabolism or growth. To identify toxins that may promote a persister state in response to host-associated stressors, we analyzed the six TA loci specific to S. enterica serotypes that cause systemic infection in mammals, including five RelBE family members and one VapBC member. Deletion of TA loci increased or decreased tolerance depending on the stress conditions. Similarly, exogenous expression of toxins had mixed effects on bacterial survival in response to stress. In macrophages, S. Typhimurium induced expression of three of the toxins examined. These observations indicate that distinct toxin family members have protective capabilities for specific stressors but also suggest that TA loci have both positive and negative effects on tolerance.
- Subjects :
- Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella
Multidrug tolerance
Population
Bacterial Toxins
lcsh:Medicine
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
Microbiology
Immune system
vapBC
medicine
education
lcsh:Science
Pathogen
education.field_of_study
Multidisciplinary
Escherichia coli Proteins
lcsh:R
Drug Tolerance
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
biology.organism_classification
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Salmonella enterica
lcsh:Q
Bacteria
Research Article
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....0edbb1539f40f63854a4c3b0dea56022